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Rising China and the South China Sea: Policy Options for the Philippines and the United States
Michael Tkacik
It is less clear whether China has self-imposed limits on the use of force, but its behavior in ramming ships, cutting survey cables, and seizing territory, combined with its rhetoric, implies China is willing to use deadly force.
The South China Sea and the International System
China currently claims between 80 and 90 percent of the South China Sea (SCS). This claim is inconsistent with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.1 China has engaged in a pattern, going back to 1974, of seizing disputed geographical features, violently at times. The United States has consistently reaffirmed the right to freedom of the seas and objected to China’s pattern of behavior in the SCS. But the US has not assertively challenged China’s behavior in the SCS. Thus, the Philippines faces an exceptional foreign policy challenge in responding to China’s aggressive behavior.
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Basic Concepts in Forest Valuation and Investment Analysis
Steven H. Bullard and Thomas J. Straka
This book was originally intended to supplement lectures in forestry economics at the undergraduate level. It’s currently used for that purpose in ‘Forest Resource Economics’ courses at several universities. The book is also intended, however, to serve as a basic reference for foresters with experience in valuation and investment analysis concepts and methods. It has proven to be a valuable resource in forest valuation and investment analysis workshops for practicing foresters, landowners, and others interested in forestry investments.
Ideal for use in undergraduate and graduate forestry education programs, as well as in forest valuation workshops.
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Growing Season Definition and Use in Wetland Delineation
Karen Malone and Hans Williams
The definition of growing season in the 1987 U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual is derived from the soil biological-zero temperature concept. Lacking direct information on soil temperatures, minimum air temperature thresholds are used as indicators of the beginning and ending dates for the growing season. The 1987 Manual regional supplements allow for field observations of above-ground plant growth to estimate the growing season period. Since acceptance of the 1987 Manual, the growing season concept has been controversial. Soil biological zero does not apply to large areas of the continental United States, minimum air temperature thresholds appear inconsistent with observations of above- and below-ground biological activity, and photoperiodism and thermoperiodism result in local, regional, and annual variations for determining the growing season period based on plant activity. Additionally, the belief that wetlands perform ecological functions year round supports the argument that defining the growing season is irrelevant. A literature review of the environmental factors that influence above- and below-ground biological activity is presented. Recommendations are made on the use of the growing season concept to support jurisdictional wetland delineation determinations.
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A Regional Guidebook for Applying the Hydrogeomorphic Approach to the Functional Assessment
Hans Michael Williams, Adam J. Miller, Rachel McNamee, and Charles V. Klimas
The Hydrogeomorphic (HGM) Approach is a method for developing and applying indices for the site-specific assessment of wetland functions. The HGM Approach was initially designed to be used in the context of the Clean Water Act Section 404 Regulatory Program permit review process to analyze project alternatives, minimize impacts, assess unavoidable impacts, determine mitigation requirements, and monitor the success of compensatory mitigation. However, a variety of other potential uses have been identified, including the design of wetland restoration projects, and management of wetlands.
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Significant Accomplishments and Milestones: 2002-2005
Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture
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Development, Testing, and Implementation of the Temple-Inland, Inc. Sustainable Forest Management System (TINSMS), 2001
Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture
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Species Pools of Seed Plants in Eastern Asia and North America
Shiyou Li and Kent T. Adair
"In their monograph, Species Pools of seed plants in Eastern Asia and North America, Drs. Li and Adair present a comprehensive analysis of data collected during a ten-year study involving 10,000 plant species in east Asia and North America."
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Xi Shu, A Promising Anti-tumor and Anti-viral Tree for the 21st Century
Shiyou Li and Kent T. Adair
"Drs. Shiyou Li and Kent T. Adair have prepared a monograph which reviews in a thorough manner the subsequent history of CPT and analogs from discovery to promising clinical drugs. In addition, the monograph provides a wealth of novel data concerning botanical, ecological, agronomical, and cultural information, much of it presented for the first time in this interesting monograph."
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"What's past is prologue": our legacy - our future, 1990 National Interpreters Workshop
David Kulhavy and Michael Legg
"... the topics of the papers presented at the 1990 National Interpreters Workshop reflect a dynamic NAI membership. While firmly rooted to principles which have been developed in over a millennium, presenters show a healthy use of past knowledge as prologue to an active, vital present ..."
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Potential for Biological Control of Dendroctonus and Ips Bark Beetles
David Kulhavy and Mitchel C. Miller
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Wilderness and Natural Areas in the Eastern United States: A Management Challenge
David Kulhavy and Richard N. Conner
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Southern Pine Beetle: Annotated Bibliography, 1868-1982
David Kulhavy and Paul C. Johnson
The FAMULUS computerized literature retrieval system was used to produce an annotated bibliography for the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann. The bibliography contains 1,235 citations and is cross indexed by AUTHOR, TAXONOMY and KEYS to subject areas.
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Understanding Color Infrared Photography
William H. Klein
Color infrared aerial photography has wide application in many aspects of forest management but Its potential may not be fully realized because many users do not understand the color process and consequently how to properly interpret it. This paper takes the reader through the entire photographic process, beginning with the principles of light and ending with the final positive transparency. The step-by-step sequence is supplemented with colored illustrations and color and color infrared paired photographs. Once the process is understood, the prospective photo interpreter will be able to Independently deduce the actual color of any image on color Infrared film.
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Southern Pine Beetle Handbook: Woodpeckers and the Southern Pine Beetle
James Kroll, Richard N. Conner, and Robert R. Fleet
In 1974 the U.S. Department of Agriculture initiated the Combined Forest Pest Research and Development Program, an interagency effort that concentrated on the Douglas-fur tussock moth in the West, on the southern pine beetle in the South, and on the gypsy moth in the Northeast. The work reported in this publication was funded in part by the Program. This handbook is one in a series on the southern pine beetle.
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Wood Products Industries in the Texas Economy
Ricardo Clemente
Forests, and the manufacturing plants which make wood products are widely dispersed over eastern Texas . Their dispersion tends to obscure their economic impact. Two federal agencies, the Forest Service of the Department of Agriculture and the Bureau of Census of the Department of Commerce provide most of the available data on forest resources and the forest industry; isolation of some data is difficult, however, because some census categories combine data for non-wood manufacturing with that for wood products . This paper is an attempt to bring together the most pertinent data on the forest industries of Texas.
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Key to the Wood-Decaying Polyporaceae of the East Texas Region
Steve Bishop and W. T. McGrath
The family includes those pore fungi whose fruiting bodies are tough, leathery or woody and whose pore layer usually cannot be separated easily from the context. The pores on the undersurface are only exterior openings of tubes bearing spores and in each species these tube mouths, or pores, are a definite shape and size. Occasionally pore walls will break up giving the appearance of teeth or gills. Fruiting bodies can be sessile, stemmed, effused-reflexed or resupinate (Fig . 2). Members of the family can be either perennial or annual, with the annual species growing during the summer and maturing that fall. All are typically wood-inhabiting, only rarely terrestrial. No other family of comparable size is more important economically than the Polyporaceae, causing 90 percent of the more important timber decays in the United States (Overholts 1967). Decay caused by the Polyporaceae can affect any part of the tree.
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The Southern Pine Beetle, Dendroctonus Frontalis Zimm, 1961-1971
Jack E. Coster
In the last decade, since the appearance of the comprehensive reviews of southern pine beetle (SPB), Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm. (Coleoptera :Scolytidae ) *, literature by Thatcher (1960) and Dixon and Osgood (1961), much research progress on the insect has been realized. This review condenses reports of research on the insect published since 1961.
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