The Historical Development of Supermassive Black Holes and Their Formation in the Early Universe

Black holes are a prediction of Einstein’s theory of gravity, foreshadowed by the hypothesis of John Mitchel who first suggested the theoretical scenario for an object with strong gravitational pull where light could not escape it. The simplest kind of black hole was discovered by Karl Schwarzschild using Einstein’s field equations, and Oppenheimer was one of the first men to consider the physical existence of black holes. The subject gained life, but the newly discovered material puzzled and challenged the scientific community to wonder how a black hole is formed. Moreover, In 1960 John Lynden bell proposed that a black hole a billion times the size of the sun (supermassive black hole – SMBHs), existed in the center of the Milky Way, which caused more questions to arise, and answers to reveal without any relevant and concise evidence support. Different explanations about how SMBHs are formed and can reach massive sizes of billions times the sun have been proposed. However, recent research and discovery of quasars has shown that SMBH have been around in earlier stages of the universe, and how they gained so much mass in such a short time remains an open field of research. Yet, some simulations have been tested in order to explain the formation of this massive objects, and organize the stages and origins of SMBHs.