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Texas Historical Commission
Abstract
In 2008–2009, Prewitt and Associates, Inc., performed testing and data recovery excavations at prehistoric site 41CV286 in Coryell County for the Texas Department of Transportation, Environmental Affairs Division, under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 4955. The investigations were prompted by the planned replacement of the County Road 314 bridge over Station Creek (CSJ No. 0909-39-117) just upstream from where it flows into the Leon River and were done in compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the Antiquities Code of Texas.
The work consisted of a ground-penetrating radar survey and excavation of 12 backhoe trenches, 14 test units, and 28 m2 in block units; manual excavations totaled 17.3 m3 . Combined, the testing and data recovery identified eight cultural features interpreted as remnants of four earth ovens, a hearth with associated discard pile, two incipient burned rock middens, and a rock discard pile. The excavations recovered 3 arrow points, 29 dart points, 46 nonprojectile bifaces and fragments, 14 unifaces and modified flake tools, 25 utilized flakes with no retouch modification, 3 cores, 13,923 pieces of debitage, 1,179 pieces of microdebitage from flotation samples, 7 battered or ground stone tools, 2,112 animal bones, 1 modified bone, 2,200 mussel shells, and 2 modified shells. Documented but not collected from both feature and nonfeature contexts were 730 kg of burned rocks. Five analytical units are defined for the site, with most of the cultural materials reflecting repeated use during the Late Archaic period as a campsite at which processing of plant foods using thermal rock features played a prominent role in site activities, along with processing of game and mussels and production and repair of stone tools.
The artifacts recovered and records generated by the project are curated at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory, The University of Texas at Austin.
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