The Doug Martin Site (41AN88), a Late Caddo Period Frankston Phase Settlement in the Trinity River Basin in East Texas

INTRODUCTION The Doug Martin site (41AN88) is a Late Caddo period Frankston phase settlement on a southernarchaeologists from the Palestine, Texas, area, principally including Clyde Amick, worked at the site in the early 1980s, and donated a collection of artifacts from the site, along with some information about the work done there, to the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (TARL) in November 1985.


INTRODUCTION
The Doug Martin site (41AN88) is a Late Caddo period Frankston phase settlement on a southernarchaeologists from the Palestine, Texas, area, principally including Clyde Amick, worked at the site in the early 1980s, and donated a collection of artifacts from the site, along with some information about the work done there, to the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (TARL) in November 1985.

SITE SETTING AND INVESTIGATIONS
The Doug Martin site is situated on a small sandy knoll, ca. 30 x 18 m in length and width, and ca. 1.5 above the creek bed.
The sandy knoll has a well-preserved midden deposit with charcoal, burned clay pieces, animal bones, and teeth, ceramic sherds, and chipped and ground stone tools. The work done at the site consisted of surface collections of the plowed knoll, probing with an iron rod, and the excavation and screening of test pits of unknown size. During the work, more than 2000 animal bones were recovered from the site, including deer, turtle, and small mammals.

ARTIFACT ASSEMBLAGE
The artifact assemblage from the Doug Martin site includes both ceramic and lithic artifacts. The ceramic artifacts are comprised of both Woodland period and ancestral Caddo sherds, a ceramic elbow pipe, and a few pieces of burned clay and daub. The lithic artifacts from the site include both dart points and arrow points as well as a ground stone celt.

Caddo Ceramic Sherds
The ancestral Caddo ceramic assemblage consists of 1146 rim, body, and base sherds from vessels tempered with either grog (81.7 percent) or bone (18.3 percent) (Table 1); all three wares are tempered with roughly equivalent proportions of either grog or bone. The plain to decorated sherd ratio is 1.65. About 92 percent of the decorated sherds are from utility ware vessels (with wet paste decorations), and 8 percent are Of the 56 rim sherds in the ceramic assemblage, 55.4 percent are from utility ware vessels (n=31), sels. These proportions clearly indicate that utility ware and plain ware vessels dominate the Doug Moore ceramic assemblage overall.
Rim and body sherds with brushing marks comprise 57 percent of the utility wares (Table 2), followed by sherds from vessels with incised (20 percent) and punctated (17 percent) decorative elements; the overall proportion of brushed sherds in both the decorated assemblage as a whole or amongst just the utility wares is consistent with a Frankston phase occupation (Perttula 2011: Table 6-38). However, comparing the proportion of rim sherds only, more than 41 of the rim sherds are from incised vessels, 26 percent are from vessels with punctated rims, 16 percent are from brushed vessels, and 13 percent are from vessels with incised-punctated rim decorative elements; thus, other wet paste decorative elements were important in the utility ware vessels from the Doug Moore site.   Table 2).
The sherds with incised and incised-punctated decorative elements (see Table 2) are almost exclusively from Maydelle Incised jars. They have diagonal and diagonal opposed incised lines (Figure 2d-g) on jar Two body sherds have vertical rows of tool punctations with opposed diagonal and horizontal incised lines in panels on vessel bodies (Figure 2a, c). One rim sherd is from a pre-A.D. 1300 Weches Fingernail Impressed, var. Weches incised lines (see Stokes and Woodring 1981). Horizontal incised lines are on the rims of both bowls and jars (see Table 2).
The two body sherds with pinched ridges are from the bodies of Killough Pinched jars (see Table 2). The one trailed body sherd in the utility wares is likely from a Foster Trailed-Incised jar (see Suhm and Jelks 1962:43). Other vessels in the assemblage are jars with rows of punctations on the rim, either circular punctations or tool punctations (see Table 2). Vessel bodies were likely covered with rows or randomly engraved designs, 3 percent engraved-brushed, and 9 percent with red-slipped interior and exterior surfaces; the red-slipped sherds are all from bone-tempered vessels, suggesting-given the overall low proportion of bone-tempered vessels in the assemblage-that these sherds may be from vessels made from another part of  There are several varieties of Poynor Engraved vessels (see Perttula 2011: Figures 6-64 and 6-65) in var. Lang with excised punctations (Figure 3a), var. Cook with curvilinear arcing lines (Figure 3h-i), among them one sherd with a horizontal brushed body, var. Hood with a cross-hatched bracket on the rim panel ( Figure  3e), Var. D with vertical cross-hatched panels (Figure 3d), probably Var. F with nested ovals (Figure 3b, k), Var. A with nested triangles (Figure 3g

Burned Clay and Daub
The presence of both burned clay and daub pieces (n=8) in the collection suggests that remnants of at least one burned thatch-and grass-covered Caddo house structure may be preserved at the site.

Woodland Period Sandy Paste Sherds
The occurrence of Goose Creek Plain, sandy paste sherds at the Doug Moore site, along with the recovery of both Gary and Kent dart points (see below), indicates that the site was occupied during some part of the Woodland period. The Goose Creek Plain ceramic assemblage includes two rims, 37 body sherds, and one base sherd. This ceramic ware is associated with Woodland period cultures in the southern part of East Texas, and the presence of sherds from this ware in the collection is evidence that the site was Perttula 2013).

Projectile Points
Although the projectile points from the site were not donated to TARL, they were reviewed by TARL personnel when Clyde Amick brought his collection to Austin for an examination. The collection included Gary, Kent, and Yarbrough dart points-principally Gary points-indicative of both Late Archaic and Woodland period use of the site by aboriginal groups. The few arrow points (n=20) included arrow point preforms (n=5), unidentifiable fragments (n=4), a Perdiz point, two possible Cuney points, possible Friley and Hayes points, four unidentified points with expanding stems, and two arrow points with straight stems.